Abstract
The coronavirases were first recognized and morphologically defined as a group by Tyrrell and co-workers (1968, 1975, 1978). Biochemical studies have recently provided additional information which allows better characterization of these agents. Presently, coronaviruses are defined as being particles which are pleomorphic to rounded with a diameter of 60–220 nm, surrounded by a fringe or layer of typical club-shaped spikes. The virion is composed of about four to six proteins and possesses a lipid bilayer. The genome consists of a single-stranded polyadenylated RNA which is infectious and of positive polarity. During maturation these viruses are released by internal budding into vesicles derived from the endoplasmatic reticulum. These viruses are widespread in nature and are associated with a great variety of diseases with an acute, subacute, or subclinical disease process.
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