Abstract
Consider new directions for biotechnology, creating conditions for the development of chemical and biological plant protection, their rational levels and proportions. The article aimed to present the problems of plant protection in ecological agriculture, using the possibilities of modern biotechnology. Application traditional technologies demonstrate indispensable contradiction between the plant protection requirements condition and the need to preserve environment. The systemic approach of relations between crop and pests opens new possibilities in researching biocenotic relationships within ecosystems and halting spending growth trends directed to plant protection. Parting from the aggravation of ecological situation and taking into account the achievements in the field of biological plant protection, in the Republic of Moldova consistent measures have been undertaken in the direction of ecological agriculture promotion. For solving of plant protection problems were developed biotechnological processes of production and application of an impressive range of biological means, which is used for conventional and organic agriculture. The main legislative documents (Low No 115 from 2005 concerning the ecological agriculture, Government decision No 149 from 2006 concerning its implementation, a series of regulations) have been adopted. The results relative to production organization, processing and marketing of ecological products are being registered, but a series of the technological problems remains which are waiting their solution.
Highlights
Consider new directions for biotechnology, creating conditions for the development of chemical and biological plant protection, their rational levels and proportions
Taking into account the negative phenomena of conventional agriculture and to ensure permanent progress and lengthy agriculture, which must remain in harmony with nature, the world has consolidated the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM)
In biological plant protection pathogens are controlled by their natural enemies — microbes isolated from nature
Summary
Consider new directions for biotechnology, creating conditions for the development of chemical and biological plant protection, their rational levels and proportions. For solving of plant protection problems were developed biotechnological processes of production and application of an impressive range of biological means, which is used for conventional and organic agriculture. Conventional growers use pesticides, fertilizers, genetically engineered organisms and growth enhancers to stimulate their soil and crops. Ecological agriculture is a system which avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetic inputs (pesticides, fertilizers, hormones, feed additives etc.) and to the maximum extent feasible relies upon biological protection, crop rotations, animal manures, mineral grade rock additives and biological system of nutrient mobilization. Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock production that involves much more than choosing not to use pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, antibiotics and growth hormones [17, 18, 19, 20, 21]. Serious premises are known to promote green technologies, the results have been modest, which requires further research to ensure scientific and technological strategy for implementing this kind of activity [5, 11]
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