Abstract
The oral inflammatory diseases are divided into two types: acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the biological efficacy of herbal medicine, natural products, and their active ingredients against acute and chronic inflammatory diseases in the oral region, especially stomatitis and periodontitis. We review the effects of herbal medicines and a biscoclaurin alkaloid preparation, cepharamthin, as a therapy against stomatitis, an acute inflammatory disease. We also summarize the effects of herbal medicines and natural products against periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease, and one of its clinical conditions, alveolar bone resorption. Recent studies show that several herbal medicines such as kakkonto and ninjinto reduce LPS-induced PGE production by human gingival fibroblasts. Among herbs constituting these herbal medicines, shokyo (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and kankyo (Zingiberis Processum Rhizoma) strongly reduce PGE production. Moreover, anti-osteoclast activity has been observed in some natural products with anti-inflammatory effects used against rheumatoid arthritis such as carotenoids, flavonoids, limonoids, and polyphenols. These herbal medicines and natural products could be useful for treating oral inflammatory diseases.
Highlights
Oral inflammatory disease is a general term for the inflammatory lesions developed in oral mucosa.The pathogenesis of oral inflammatory diseases is non-uniform due to the involvement of various factors—such as external and mechanical stimuli, the presence of microorganisms, and the overall physical conditions—that play a role in the onset of inflammation
We aim to summarize the biological efficacy of herbal medicine, natural products, and their active ingredients against acute and chronic inflammatory diseases in the oral region, especially stomatitis and periodontitis
We reported that the single injection of Cepharanthin R (CE) reduced the LPS-induced histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity, contrastingly, LPS-induced HDC activity in mice spleens increased after consecutive administration of CE [23]
Summary
Oral inflammatory disease is a general term for the inflammatory lesions developed in oral mucosa. We construed the oral inflammatory diseases as a symptom of inflammation, and categorized them into acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The representative example of acute inflammatory diseases is stomatitis ( named as oral mucositis), and that of chronic inflammatory diseases is periodontitis. Recent reviews have summarized the therapeutic application of herbal medicines for oral diseases such as stomatitis and periodontitis [1]. Hangeshashinto (TJ-14) is used for inflammatory diseases such as acute or chronic gastrointestinal catarrh, nervous gastritis and stomatitis. We aim to summarize the biological efficacy of herbal medicine, natural products, and their active ingredients against acute and chronic inflammatory diseases in the oral region, especially stomatitis and periodontitis
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