Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are microorganisms as well as a number of parasites, which are capable of infecting humans via contaminated food or water. In recent years, diseases caused by foodborne pathogens have become an important public health problem in the world, producing a significant rate of morbidity and mortality. In traditional medicine, numerous plants and their extracts have used for thousands of years to treat health disorders. Although many studies were made on natural herbs, those involving the antimicrobial, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of the herb species are rather rare. This study researches the biological activities of ethanol and methanol extracts of Lavandula stoechas L., which are prevalent in Turkey. In this study, 8 food pathogens were used for antimicrobial activity studies. Antimicrobial activity studies were done by disk diffusion assay and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration). DPPH method was used for non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. The Lavandula extracts were screened for their antimutagenic activity against sodium azide by Ames test in absence of rat microsomal liver enzyme (-S9). The ethanol and methanol extracts of Lavandula stoechas showed antibacterial activity (7 mm) against most of bacteria. The antifungal activity of L. stoechas was not determined against C. albicans RSKK02029. The lowest MIC value was determined as 3250 µg/mL. The highest radical inhibition was determined as 79 % by Lavandula stoechas flower methanol extract. The flower extract of L. stoechas (12500 µg/plate) was found to have its highest antimutagenic activity for Salmonella Typhimurium TA98. This inhibition value is 42 %. L. stoechas leaves extracts (6250 and 3125 µg/plate) showed a moderate positive inhibitory effect for Salmonella Typhimurium TA98, and TA100. L. stoechas flower extracts (12500 and 6250 µg/plate) showed a moderate positive inhibitory effect (respectively 31 and 30 %) for Salmonella Typhimurium TA100. The extracts of L. stoechas have antimicrobial, antioxidant and antimutagenic activities .
Highlights
More than 200 known diseases are transmitted through food by a variety of agents that include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites
The aim of the investigation presented in this paper is to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of extracts of Lavandula stoechas on several food pathogens, as there is a significant lack of information on such activities in literature
Results show that the ethanol extracts of L. stoechas inhibited the growth of six bacteria and the inhibition zones were 7 mm
Summary
More than 200 known diseases are transmitted through food by a variety of agents that include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention [1,2] estimates that 76 million people get sick, more than 300,000 are hospitalized, and 5,000 Americans die each year from foodborne illness. Food items most likely associated with antibiotic resistant pathogens included dairy products, ground beef, and poultry. Pathogens exhibiting multi‐drug resistance to five or more antibiotics were identified in more than half of the outbreaks [3]. Medicinal plants are natural resources, yielding valuable herbal products which are often used in the treatment of various ailments [4].
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