Abstract
The sedimentary manganese ore deposit of Groote Eylandt, Australia, is an example of the Orthoquartzite-Glauconite-Clay Association, and was formed during a short Cenomanian Age transgression and regression across the Middle Proterozoic sandstone basement of the island. The primary sediment consisted of pisoliths and ooliths of manganese oxide in sandy clay. Petrological studies have shown that these structures are accretions, not concretions. Microscopic studies indicate that these pisoliths and ooliths satisfy specific criteria for biogenic origin and thus they appear to be manganese oxide oncolites. This deduction is consistent with the presence of a variety of manganese-oxide biogenic structures (stromatolites) in the orebody.
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