The bioaccumulation of heavy metal on Tilapiah (Oreochromis niloticus) on traditional tidal ponds for aquaculture in the vicinity of the Terjun landfill in Medan

Abstract

Abstract This study conducted in an aquaculture area near the Terjun landfill, an open dumping system in the Medan Marelan District. The objective of this study is to examine the levels of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in fish and water, and to determine the bio-concentration capacity of these metals in tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) throughout both the wet and dry seasons. Water samples were collected from each pond as well as from tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). The sampling method for water and fish is based on the Indonesian National Standard. Analytical assessment of the presence of metal in both the water and meat of tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) was conducted utilising atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The research findings indicate that the water quality in the pond water has surpassed the water quality standards of PP No. 22 of 2022. The levels of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) meat are also higher than what is allowed. Furthermore, the results of the BCF study indicate that tilapia’s bioconcentration factor (BCF) for Pb metal exceeds that of Cd metal. Furthermore, the season has a significant impact on tilapia’s BCF (bioconcentration factor) for metals such as Pb (lead) and Cd (cadmium), with the highest BCF value observed during the dry season. The difference is caused by variations in the water solubility of the metals Pd and Cd, as well as the duration of time that the fish are exposed to the metals.