Abstract
Geoffrey Chaucer’s final utterance is so un-Chaucerian in sentiment that several ingenious theories have evolved over the years to account for its textual persistence. The Retraction has been read as a real confession by Chaucer the poet in the face of imminent death; as a realistic confession by Chaucer the Pilgrim in response to the Parson’s sermon; and as an ironic parody of both confession and retraction in keeping with the Manciple’s cynical counsel to silence.
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