Abstract
Several epidemiological studies and clinical trials have reported the beneficial effects of green tea, coffee, wine, and curry on human health, with its anti-obesity, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective properties. These effects, which have been supported using cell-based and animal studies, are mainly attributed to epigallocatechin gallate found in green tea, chlorogenic acid in coffee, resveratrol in wine, and curcumin in curry. Polyphenols are proposed to function via various mechanisms, the most important of which is related to reactive oxygen species (ROS). These polyphenols exert conflicting dual actions as anti- and pro-oxidants. Their anti-oxidative actions help scavenge ROS and downregulate nuclear factor-κB to produce favorable anti-inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, pro-oxidant actions appear to promote ROS generation leading to the activation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase, which modulates different enzymes and factors with health beneficial roles. Currently, it remains unclear how these polyphenols exert either pro- or anti-oxidant effects. Similarly, several human studies showed no beneficial effects of these foods, and, by extension polyphenols, on obesity. These inconsistencies may be attributed to different confounding study factors. Thus, this review provides a state-of-the-art update on these foods and their principal polyphenol components, with an assumption that it prevents obesity.
Highlights
Plant polyphenols are often found in beverages such as tea, wine, and coffee and in vegetables and fruits such as turmeric, onions, broccoli, apples, berries, citrus fruits, and plums [1].Green tea is produced from leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant; a cup of green tea brewed from 2.5 g tea leaves has been reported to contain 240–320 mg catechins, of which (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG, Figure 1) accounts for 60%–65% [2,3]
An randomized controlled trial (RCT) in 18 healthy male subjects who consumed 185 mL of a test beverage with or without chlorogenic acid (CGA) (329 mg) per day for 4 weeks showed no effects on body weight, body mass index (BMI), or body fat, a significantly higher postprandial energy expenditure was observed in the CGA group when compared with the controls [59]
This review summarized the favorable anti-obesity effects of consuming green tea, coffee, wine, and curry and their principal associated polyphenols
Summary
Plant polyphenols are often found in beverages such as tea, wine, and coffee and in vegetables and fruits such as turmeric, onions, broccoli, apples, berries, citrus fruits, and plums [1]. Green tea is produced from leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant; a cup of green tea brewed from 2.5 g tea leaves has been reported to contain 240–320 mg catechins, of which (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG, Figure 1) accounts for 60%–65% [2,3]. Coffee contains approximately 2000 different chemicals; the major polyphenols are chlorogenic acid (CGA, Figure 1) and its derivatives, which account for approximately 3%. Resveratrol (RSV, 3,40 ,5-trihydroxystilbene, Figure 1) is often derived from several plant sources, including grapes, peanuts, and berries, and it exists in two isomeric forms: Molecules 2021, 26, 453. Molecules 2021, 26, 453 disorders, and diabetes Their polyphenolic constituents are believed to contribute mainly to these effects as discussed in our previous reviews [1,2,3,6,7]. Chemical of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), chlorogenic acid (CGA), resveratrol (RSV), and curcumin (CRC)
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