Abstract
We examined the characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and chlorobenzenes (CBzs) in the flue gas and fly ash of a municipal solid-waste incinerator in four locations: the outlet of the furnace, the outlet of the high-temperature superheater, the inlet of the semi-dry scrubber and the stack after air pollution control device (APCD) processing. Both PCDD/Fs and CBzs were mostly formed at low temperatures. The dominant PCDD/Fs generated in the gaseous phase were 23478-PeCDF and TCDF, and 124-TrCBz was the major CBz in both the gaseous and solid phase. More PCDD/Fs were found in the solid phase with the decrease of temperature, while CBzs exhibited the opposite trend. Furthermore, activated carbon with a low surface area and mesoporous volume showed low flue gas removal efficiencies for PCDD/Fs and CBzs in the flue gas. The fraction of PCDD/Fs in the solid phase largely decreased when the flue gas passed through the fabric filter. Additionally, the memory effects of the aged filters increased the fractions of 234678-HxCDF, 1234678-HpCDF and 1234678-HxCDD. Most important, the relationships between PCDD/Fs and CBzs in the flue gas and fly ash were analyzed, respectively. In the gaseous phase, most of the CBzs displayed high correlation coefficients with PCDD/Fs, especially 123-TrCBz (R2 > 0.8). In the solid phase, low correlation coefficients were found between CBzs and PCDD/Fs except for 135-TrCBz and 123-TrCBz (R2 = 0.8). A remarkable correlation was also found between 124-TrCBz in the flue gas and PCDD/Fs in the fly ash. We conclude that TrCBzs may be regarded as the best indicator for PCDD/Fs in both flue gas and fly ash.
Highlights
With the development of society, there have been numerous municipal solid waste incinerators, up to 220 in 2015 (China National Bureau of Statistics, 2015)
It is obvious that the concentrations and toxic equivalent values (TEQs) values of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) at the outlet of furnace (1#, 830°C) and high temperature superheater (2#, 560°C) were rather lower than those before the semidry scrubber (3#, 220°C) and after the whole air pollution control device (APCD) (4#, 148°C)
When the flue gas went through the APCD (Figs. 5(c)– 5(d)), the profiles of PCDD/Fs did not change remarkably. 23478-PeCDF had the highest level among the PCDD/F congener in the gaseous phase
Summary
With the development of society, there have been numerous municipal solid waste incinerators, up to 220 in 2015 (China National Bureau of Statistics, 2015). Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are the typical pollution formed in the processes of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs). Previous studies concentrate on PCDD/Fs. Chen et al, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, x: 1–13, xxxx near-online monitoring of PCDD/Fs depending on good correlations between them (Kuribayashi et al, 2005; Gullett et al, 2011). Aerosol and Air Quality Research, x: 1–13, xxxx near-online monitoring of PCDD/Fs depending on good correlations between them (Kuribayashi et al, 2005; Gullett et al, 2011) It is much more significant in incinerators with unstable operation conditions resulting in high emission levels of PCDD/Fs. The online monitoring technology can be used to detect PCDD/Fs in time, and diagnose the operation conditions and adjust the operating parameters
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