Abstract
Purpose.—An investigation was conducted to study the requirements of fire clay and bodies used for fire brick in malleable-iron furnace bungs. Tests were made on complete bungs holding forty sample brick in malleable-iron furnace bungs with twenty different fire brick. Laboratory tests were also made in conjunction with them. Results.—The spalling tests bear the closest relation to the service test; those brick losing less than 10% withstand more than fifteen heats. There is also a relation between the porosities and densities of fire brick, which lie between 15 and 28% and 1.5 and 2.6%, respectively, for the best brick. There is no close relation between the load test and softening-points of fire brick and their lifetime in malleable furnace bungs, so these tests are no criterions in judging the serviceability of brick, provided the brick are sufficiently refractory to support the arch at furnace temperatures. Methods for Improving Fire Brick.—The resistance of a brick to spalling may be governed by: (1) the selection of the proper clays, (2) the size of grain and the proportioning of the non-plastic ingredients, (3) the fineness of grain of the bond clay, (4) the manner of molding, and (5) the temperature of firing.
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