Abstract
This study aims to determine the diversity of melliferous plants and to recognize the state of beekeeping in the Fez-Meknes region in Morocco. We conducted a questionnaire for beekeepers that set up their hives in the prefectures and provinces of the region, and we have studied the pharmacological evidence of the most preferred plants by beekeepers to assess its medicinal values. The results indicate that honey, bee pollen, bee bread, royal jelly, propolis, bee wax, bee venom, and bee queens are produced in this region with different percentages, and 102 plants belonging to 32 families were obtained in the inventory of melliferous plants; the most represented families were Asteraceae and Lamiaceae (13.73% each) followed by Rosaceae (8.82%). Among these 102 plants identified, 79 plants provide nectar and pollen for bees, 16 plants provide only pollen, 3 plants provide only nectar, 35 plants are resinous, and 6 plants provide honeydew for bees. The outcome of this study will contribute to the valuation of melliferous plants and help to establish a practical guide for the development of the beekeeping sector as an agricultural economic approach.
Highlights
Beekeeping is the art and science of breeding and caring for bees to exploit their products such as honey, bee pollen, bee bread, bee wax, bee venom, royal jelly, and the bee queens
E breed of bees that exists in Fez-Meknes is Apis mellifera intermissa; it is swarming with an aggressive behavior and is characterized by a good production of honey. is breed is famous for the overproduction of propolis, as well as enduring climate variations [2, 3]
In order to cover its nutritional and preventive needs, the bee collects substances including nectar, pollen, oil, and resin from plants that are highly attractive to them and exudates of plant-sucking insects to produce honeydew where the hive products are reflected through the quantity and quality of the pollinated plants. ese melliferous plants vary from one area to another depending on the biotic, climatic, and ecological factors [4]
Summary
Beekeeping is the art and science of breeding and caring for bees to exploit their products such as honey, bee pollen, bee bread, bee wax, bee venom, royal jelly, and the bee queens. Sativa (cultivated), Ceratonia siliqua L (cultivated), Capparis spinosa L (cultivated), Myrtus communis L (native), and Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn (native); the predominant vegetation in Meknes is Olea europaea L var.
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