The Baylis–Hillman chemistry in aqueous media: elucidation of mechanism for synthesis of ether side-product leads to an efficient approach to C–O bond formation

Abstract

The formation of an ether from the Baylis–Hillman (BH) adduct during the BH reaction of 5-isoxazolecarboxaldehydes is a common phenomenon if the reaction is allowed to proceed for longer periods. The amount of formation of such ethers depends on the acrylates used and is most significant for tert-butyl acrylates. A study of the plausible mechanism for the formation of these side-products led to reactions of acetates of BH adducts with phenol in aqueous media to yield the corresponding 3-phenoxy alk-2-enoates in good yields. The successful translation of solution phase methodology to solid phase for application towards combinatorial chemistry is discussed.