The Bax Inhibitor-1 Gene Is Differentially Regulated in Adult Testis and Developing Lung by Two Alternative TATA-less Promoters

Abstract

We identified Bax inhibitor-1, BI-1, as a developmentally regulated gene product in perinatal lung using suppressive subtractive hybridization. BI-1 is a novel suppressor of apoptosis that was previously cloned as testis-enhanced gene transcript (TEGT). However, sequence analysis of lung BI-1 revealed unique nucleotides starting 29 bases upstream of the ATG initiation codon and extending to the 5′ end of lung-derived BI-1 cDNA compared to the original transcript from the testis. Cloning and sequencing of the upstream region of the BI-1 gene revealed that these unique sequences originated from two alternative first exons, located in tandem and separated by ∼600 bases. Neither was preceded by a TATA box in the usual position, and S1 nuclease mapping at each exon 1 revealed multiple transcription start points with a major site being overlapped by a consensus initiator element. Promoter activity from each region was documented by transient transfection analysisin vitrousing DNA sequences ligated to a reporter gene. The proximal promoter, P1, may exhibit cell type-specific differences in fibroblasts versus epithelia, whereas the distal promoter, P2, may exhibit species-specific differences in rat versus human cells. RT-PCR analysis for expression in adult tissues using exon 1-specific 5′ primers and common 3′ primers revealed that P1 is tissue-specific; P2 is ubiquitously active. The developmental regulation of BI-1 in the late fetal and early postnatal lung is specific for P2, indicating that these two TATA-less promoters are differentially regulated in adult testis and developing lung. Since Bax inhibitor-1 functions as a suppressor of apoptosis, its expression could provide a survival advantage for select cell populations during the peak period of apoptosis that occurs at birth.