Abstract
The basic causes of death in hoofed mammals in the Urruri reserve and in the adjacent territory during the period from 1974 to 2011 are hunting and poaching, tiger predation, and exhaustion. The sika deer has accounted for the largest number of the established deaths since the 1990s, because this species has become dominant in the fauna of hoofed animals in the reserve as a result of acclimatization. Before the 1980s, the main prey for tigers were the red deer (52%) and wild boar (44%): the share of the sika deer in the prey was 4%. During the most recent 10 years, the share of the sika deer, wild boar, and red deer in the tiger-prey trophic link at separate stations of the reserve has been 68%, 20.6%, and 6.9%, respectively.
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