Abstract
The repeated inversion of a DNA segment can act as a biological switch to regulate the expression of genes in the invertible DNA segment or adjacent to it. A group of such inversion systems mediated by site-specific recombinases called din (for DNA inversion) is found in several different prokaryotic replicons. These all seem to operate in a similar way, since their enzymatic functions are mutually exchangeable (Kamp et al. 1979; Iino and Kutsukake 1981; Iida et al. 1982b; Simon and Silverman 1983; Plasterk and van de Putte 1984). The group includes C and G inversion, which control host range in phages P1 and Mu, H inversion for flagellar phase variation in Salmonella, P inversion on the e14 element in Escherichia coli K-12, and V inversion for Vi surface antigen variation in Citrobacter. DNA sequence analysis of the din recombinase genes (cin, gin, hin, and pin genes for C, G, H,...
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