The XXviri ex senatus consulto rei publicae curandae of 238. A Note on Senatorial Resistance against a Tyrannical hostis publicus that Recalls Rome’s Republican Constitution

Abstract

Summary The XXviri ex senatus consulto rei publicae curandae played a decisive role in the civil war between Maximinus Thrax and the senate in 238. This note examines the actions of the extraordinary committee and interprets them against the backdrop of the reception of constitutional thought rooted in that, which was perceived as traditional political ideals of the Roman Republic during the Principate. The study will first look at the roots of the conflicts between Maximinus Thrax and the ordo senatorius, followed by an analysis of the origins and tasks of the XXviri together with their political goals and possible republican exempla. Finally, there will be observations on the vigintivirate’s significance and role after the senate’s triumph over its enemy. In doing so, this contribution will emphasize the importance of republican constitutional thought in times of crisis for the continued existence of the res publica romana under the Principate.