The B-cell response to foot-and-mouth-disease virus in cattle following vaccination and live-virus challenge.

Clare F J Grant,Pascal Hudelet,Bryan Charleston,Wilna Vosloo,Catherine Charreyre,B Veronica Carr,Martin Ilott,Nagendrakumar B Singanallur,Jacqueline Morris,Simon Gubbins

doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000517

Abstract

Antibodies play a pivotal role against viral infection, and maintenance of protection is dependent on plasma and memory B-cells. Understanding antigen-specific B-cell responses in cattle is essential to inform future vaccine design. We have previously defined T-cell-dependent and -independent B-cell responses in cattle, as a prelude to investigating foot-and-mouth-disease-virus (FMDV)-specific B-cell responses. In this study, we have used an FMDV O-serotype vaccination (O1-Manisa or O SKR) and live-virus challenge (FMDV O SKR) to investigate the homologous and heterologous B-cell response in cattle following both vaccination and live-virus challenge. The FMDV O-serotype vaccines were able to induce a cross-reactive plasma-cell response, specific for both O1-Manisa and O SKR, post-vaccination. Post-FMDV O SKR live-virus challenge, the heterologous O1-Manisa vaccination provided cross-protection against O SKR challenge and cross-reactive O SKR-specific plasma cells were induced. However, vaccination and live-virus challenge were not able to induce a detectable FMDV O-serotype-specific memory B-cell response in any of the cattle. The aim of new FMDV vaccines should be to induce memory responses and increased duration of immunity in cattle.

Highlights

Foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious virus infecting cloven-hoofed animals, leading to vesicle formation on the mouth and hooves followed by skin erosions of the cutaneous mucosa
Following immunization with either FMDV O-SKR or O1Manisa vaccines, there was an expansion of FMDV O1-Manisa- and O-SKR-specific plasma cells at 7 dpv, which was coupled with an increase in both the virus neutralizing (VN) and blocking-antibody titres specific for both FMDV O-serotypes
The presence of both FMDV OSKR-specific ASCs and antibodies following FMDV O1-Manisa vaccination indicates that the FMDV O1-Manisa vaccine is able to induce a protective cross-reactive plasmacell response specific for FMDV O-SKR

Summary

Introduction

Foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious virus infecting cloven-hoofed animals, leading to vesicle formation on the mouth and hooves followed by skin erosions of the cutaneous mucosa. Maintenance of FMDV-free status is critical for the free trade of animals and animal products (Brehm et al, 2008). One of the main approaches to foot and mouth disease (FMD) control and eradication is through vaccination with inactivated FMDV antigen in formulation with adjuvants (Brehm et al, 2008). Serological protection against one FMDV serotype does not confer inter-serotype protection and may not, in some cases, confer intra-serotype protection given the antigenic variation seen within some serotypes (Doel, 1996)

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Conclusion