Abstract
Equine‐origin H3N8 has circulated in dogs in the United States since 1999. A genetically and antigenically distinct avian‐origin H3N2 canine influenza was detected in March of 2015 in Chicago, Illinois. Subsequent outbreaks were reported with over 1000 dogs in the Midwest affected followed by 23 additional states with detections within 5 months. The potential for canine‐to‐swine transmission was unknown. Experimental infection in pigs showed this virus does not replicate efficiently in swine.
Highlights
In March of 2015 in Chicago, Illinois an H3N2 canine influenza related to the Asian H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) caused an outbreak in dogs
RT-PCR was performed with the VetMAX-Gold SIV Detection Kit following the manufacturer’s instructions (ThermoFisher Scientific Inc). This H3N2 is genetically distinct from the equine-origin H3N8 CIV that previously circulated in the United States, but closely related to the Asian H3N2 CIV (Figure S1)
Pigs directly inoculated with IL/15 did not show significant macroscopic or microscopic lesions when compared to non-infected pigs, and influenza A virus (IAV) antigens were not detected in lung or trachea tissues by immunohistochemistry at 5 dpi
Summary
In March of 2015 in Chicago, Illinois an H3N2 canine influenza related to the Asian H3N2 CIV caused an outbreak in dogs (http://mediarelations.cornell.edu/2015/04/12/mid west-canine-influenza-outbreak-caused-by-new-strain-ofvirus/). Two established lineages of H3 canine influenza virus (CIV) have been described, of equine-origin and avianorigin.. An H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV) initially caused outbreaks in racing greyhounds in the United States in 20042,3; epidemiological and serological evidence indicated that an H3N8 equine virus introduction around 1999 was likely the ancestral strain of the H3N8 CIV in the United States.. An H3N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) was detected in dogs in Asia in ~2005 and appears to be endemic.. Swine have incurred multiple cross-species incursions and occasional maintenance of new lineages. An experimental study was designed to examine whether the newly emerged H3N2 CIV from the US was capable of infecting swine to assess the risk for interspecies transmission in nature
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