Abstract
We surveyed the morphology of the auditory region of members of the anuran genus Brachycephalus. The sample included seven of the eleven known species; in addition, Brachycephalus ephippium and B. vertebralis were each represented by several specimens from different localities. All species lack a tympanum, tympanic annulus, stapes, and Eustachian tube. However, the operculum and the m. opercularis remain. The large operculum bears a robust process for the m. opercularis and covers most of the fenestra ovalis. The auditory apparatus of Brachycephalus is distinguished by the large size and the orientation of the fenestra ovalis, which faces posterior, rather than lateral. The morphology of these structures is compared to those of other minute brachycephalid frogs considered to be close relatives of Brachycephalus, and the importance of these characters as evidence of the monophyly of the genus is discussed. We also discuss the importance of other morphological features cited to support close relationships among small-sized brachycephalids, and consider the role of miniaturization in generating convergent pattern of loss of morphological features.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
