Abstract
The versatility of microbial biosynthesis is enormous. Today's products of the microbe vary from the simplicity of methane and acetic acid to the complexity of vitamin B12 and proteins. The importance of the fermentation industry results from three important characteristics of microorganisms -ci) a high ratio of surface area to volume, which facilitates the uptake of nutrients needed for high rates of metabolism and biosynthesis, (ii) the tremendous variety of reactions which microorganisms can carry out, and (iii) a facility to adapt to a large array of different environments, allowing a culture to be transplanted from nature to the laboratory, where it is abILe to grow on inexpensive carbon and nitrogen sources while producing valuable compounds.
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