The associations of serum S100A9 with the severity and prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study

Hong-Yan Liu,Chun-Mei Feng,Zheng Xu,Hui Zhao,Hui-Xian Xiang,Lin Fu,Ying Xiang,Jun Fei

doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06020-y

Abstract

BackgroundPrevious studies found that S100A9 may involve in the pathophysiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, the role of S100A9 was unclear in the CAP. The goal was to explore the correlations of serum S100A9 with the severity and prognosis of CAP patients based on a prospective cohort study.MethodsA total of 220 CAP patients and 110 control subjects were recruited. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Serum S100A9 and inflammatory cytokines were measured.ResultsSerum S100A9 was elevated in CAP patients on admission. Serum S100A9 was gradually elevated parallelly with CAP severity scores. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines were increased and blood routine parameters were changed in CAP patients compared with control subjects. Correlation analysis found that serum S100A9 was positively associated with CAP severity scores, blood routine parameters (WBC, NLR and MON) and inflammatory cytokines. Further, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that there were positive associations between serum S100A9 and CAP severity scores. Besides, the prognosis of CAP was tracked. Serum higher S100A9 on the early stage elevated the death of risk and hospital stay among CAP patients.ConclusionSerum S100A9 is positively correlated with the severity of CAP. On admission, serum higher S100A9 elevates the risk of death and hospital stay in CAP patients, suggesting that S100A9 may exert a certain role in the pathophysiology of CAP and regard as a serum diagnostic and managing biomarker for CAP.

Highlights

Pneumonia is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world, especially in children and in adults more than 60 years
We found that white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil were increased, lymphocyte was decreased in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients
The present study mainly found that: (1) Serum S100A9 was elevated in CAP patients; (2) Serum S100A9 on admission was positively associated with CAP severity scores; (3) Serum S100A9 on admission was positively

Summary

Introduction

Pneumonia is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world, especially in children and in adults more than 60 years. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is one of the commonest bacterial pathogensinducing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), which results in substantial health and economic burden [4, 5]. Previous studies found that CAP accounts for more than 60,000 deaths, 1.2 million hospitalizations, 2.3 million emergency department visits and $10 billion in hospital costs in United States yearly [6, 7]. In order to reduce the mortality and prevent CAP clinical deterioration, it is very necessary to diagnose the disease and evaluate the severity of CAP at the time of disease onset. Previous studies found that S100A9 may involve in the pathophysiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The goal was to explore the correlations of serum S100A9 with the severity and prognosis of CAP patients based on a prospective cohort study

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion