Abstract
BackgroundThe main aim of this study was to determine the association between Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and caregiver burden, and the mediating role of coping strategy and personality style of caregivers to patients with dementia (PWD).MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 202 caregivers to PWD in home-based settings. Recruited caregivers were administered questionnaires regarding BPSD which was measured using Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q), caregiver burden using Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Brief COPE for coping strategies and Big-Five Inventory which measured personality traits.ResultsMajority of the caregivers were female (71.3%), aged 50 and above (55%), single (46%), married (43.6%), working full time (45%) while the rest work part time (22.3%), unemployed (7.4%) and retiree (25.2%), and majority were parents (58.9%) and spouse (18.3%). The duration of caregiving was less than a year (33.7%) while the rest are more than a year. Results demonstrated that the most frequent types of BPSD exhibited by PWD was irritability, followed by apathy and agitation. All of the types of BPSD showed to be significantly correlated to caregiver burden except for anxiety, elation and appetite. Of personality traits, only conscientiousness was found to mediate the relationship between BPSD and caregiver burden (p < .05). Self-distraction, active coping, planning and acceptance were the coping strategies that demonstrated to have mediation effect on the relationship between BPSD and caregiver burden.ConclusionPresentation of BPSD is correlated to caregiver burden which is partially mediated by coping strategies and personality styles.
Highlights
The main aim of this study was to determine the association between Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and caregiver burden, and the mediating role of coping strategy and personality style of caregivers to patients with dementia (PWD)
The mediating role of caregivers personality styles in the relationship between BPSD and caregiver burden Multiple regressions were used to investigate if personality styles and coping strategies mediated the relationship between BPSD and Total Caregiver Burden
The frequency of BPSD among patients with dementia in this study indicated that irritability was the most frequent type of BPSD exhibited by PWD (84.2%), followed by apathy (80.7%) and agitation (77.2%) as reported by caregivers (Table 2)
Summary
The main aim of this study was to determine the association between Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and caregiver burden, and the mediating role of coping strategy and personality style of caregivers to patients with dementia (PWD). Non-cognitive symptoms constitute of neuropsychiatric symptoms, known as behavioralpsychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). In Austria, the highest prevalence of BPSD was disruptive behaviors such as agitation and aggression [5] while in Asia, sleep disturbance, irritability and apathy were found to be the most common BPSD among patients of Alzheimer’s in China [6]. In Malaysia, apathy was reported to be the most prevalent with 83.2%, followed by agitation (60%) and sleep disturbance (53.8%) [7]. These inconsistent findings on BPSD could be due to the differences in methodology such as settings, designs and instruments. Despite these differences, the epidemiology of BPSD seemed clear and consistent [8]
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