Abstract
BackgroundThe adipokine chemerin retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2) has been associated with insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The impact of RARRES2 rs17173608 gene polymorphism on MetS and chemerin levels is not completely elucidated. This study included 100 patients with MetS and 68 healthy subjects (non-MetS group). The RARRES2 rs17173608 gene variant was analyzed by tetra amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). Circulating chemerin levels were determined by ELISA. Serum urea, creatinine, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and traditional lipid profile were measured by colorimetric methods. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and non-traditional lipid parameters were calculated.ResultsSerum chemerin levels were significantly higher in MetS than in non-MetS subjects, type II diabetics (T2DM) than non-diabetics, and overweight compared to lean subjects, but it did not differ significantly between patients with and without hypertension. Strikingly, newly diagnosed diabetic patients had significantly higher serum chermerin levels. Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum chemerin levels and non-traditional lipid parameters were correlated significantly with the clinical criteria of MetS. Genotyping and allelic frequency distribution of RARRES2 rs17173608 gene polymorphism showed its significant association with MetS. The TT genotype of RARRES2 rs17173608 SNP was more distributed in T2DM in comparison with non-diabetics, and it was associated significantly with higher serum chemerin and higher glycated hemoglobin levels. RARRES2 rs17173608 GG genotype and G allele frequency were less distributed in T2DM patients than in non-diabetic patients.ConclusionsThe RARRES2 rs17173608 SNP might have an impact on chemerin levels and lipid parameters. The GG genotype and G allele may have a protective role towards the risk of T2DM but not for MetS. Serum chemerin and non-traditional lipid profile are significantly associated with MetS.
Highlights
The adipokine chemerin retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2) has been associated with insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS)
Serum chemerin levels tend to be high in hypertensive patients with MetS; the present results showed a positive correlation between chemerin and mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the MetS group that was lost in regression analysis
Our results showed that novel adipokine chemerin may be a mediator linking the association of MetS, T2DM, and obesity, as serum chemerin levels were significantly higher in MetS than in subjects without MetS, diabetics than non-diabetics, and in overweight subjects compared to lean subjects
Summary
The adipokine chemerin retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2) has been associated with insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The adipokine and chemokine chemerin (retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2) is a multifunctional 16-kDa protein that is encoded by the RARRES2 gene [10]. It modulates the immune response and has a regulatory role in lipid and glucose metabolism [11]. Chemerin is predominantly expressed in adipocytes [12, 13] and regulates their differentiation [14] It can activate inflammatory response and oxidative stress in adipose tissue leading to insulin resistance [15]. The expression of chemerin is observed to be increased in diabetic, hypertensive, and dyslipidemic patients who may suffer from MetS [16]
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