Abstract
We determined the association between vitamin D status as 25hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and disease activity in a cohort of 201 Crohn’s Disease (CD) patients in Saskatoon, Canada over three years. The association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and 25(OH)D and several disease predictors were evaluated by the generalized estimating equation (GEE) over three time-point measurements. A GEE binary logistic regression test was used to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI). The deficient vitamin D group (≤29 nmol/L) had significantly higher mean hs-CRP levels compared with the three other categories of vitamin D status (p < 0.05). CRP was significantly lower in all of the other groups compared with the vitamin D-deficient group, which had Coef. = 12.8 units lower (95% CI −19.8, −5.8), Coef. 7.85 units (95% CI −14.9, −0.7), Coef. 9.87 units (95% CI −17.6, −2.0) for the vitamin D insufficient, adequate, and optimal groups, respectively. The vitamin D status was associated with the HBI active disease category. However, the difference in the odds ratio compared with the reference category of deficient vitamin D category was only significant in the insufficient category (odds ratio = 3.45, p = 0.03, 95% CI 1.0, 10.8). Vitamin D status was inversely associated with indicators of disease activity in Crohn’s disease, particularly with the objective measures of inflammation.
Highlights
The prevalence of autoimmune diseases is rapidly increasing around the globe [1]
This is the only Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) clinic that refers to the university in Saskatchewan and has available data for Crohn’s disease (CD) patients
We found that 35.8%, 37.3%, and 39.4% of patients had CD-related surgery at each of the three time-points, respectively
Summary
The prevalence of autoimmune diseases is rapidly increasing around the globe [1]. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are among the fastest growing autoimmune diseases in developing and developed countries [1]. Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation. Dysfunction of the immune system contributes to the improper intestinal inflammatory response in patients with IBD [4]. Crohn’s disease is a disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition. It is more common in women, and age Nutrients 2017, 9, 1112; doi:10.3390/nu9101112 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients
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