The Association of TMPRSS6 Gene Polymorphism and Iron Intake with Iron Status among Under-Two-Year-Old Children in Lombok, Indonesia.

Dewi Shinta,Min Htet,Chris Adhiyanto,Umi Fahmida,Asmarinah Asmarinah

doi:10.3390/nu11040878

Abstract

Multiple common variants in transmembrane protease serine 6 (TMPRSS6) were associated with the plasma iron concentration in genome-wide association studies, but their effect in young children where anemia and iron deficiency (ID) were prevalent has not been reported, particularly taking account of iron intake. This study aims to investigate whether TMPRSS6 SNPs (rs855791 and rs4820268) and iron intake are associated with a low iron and hemoglobin concentration in under-two-year-old children. The study analyzed the baseline of a randomized trial (NUPICO, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01504633) in East Lombok, Indonesia. Children aged 6–17 months (n = 121) were included in this study. The multiple linear regressions showed that TMPRSS6 decreased serum ferritin (SF) by 4.50 g/L per copy minor allele (A) of rs855791 (p = 0.08) and by 5.00 μg/L per copy minor allele (G) of rs4820268 (p = 0.044). There were no associations between rs855791 and rs4820268 with soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (rs855791; p = 0.38 and p = 0.13, rs4820268; p = 0.17 and p = 0.33). The finding suggests the need for further studies to explore whether the nutrient recommendation for iron should be based on genetic characteristics, particularly for children who have mutation in TMPRSS6.

Highlights

Worldwide, Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) affects 24.8% of the total population and the highest prevalence is among under-five-year-old children (47.4%) [1], in their first two years of life.Studies often reported a decline in the nutritional status during the first two years of life and this period is a critical window of opportunity for improving childhood nutrition [2].Previously, IDA has been known to be associated with dietary and/or other environmental factors such as infection
Two-thirds (67.7%) of the children were found to be at risk of having inadequate iron intake
Our study reported the association of the transmembrane protease serine 6 (TMPRSS6) genes to the hemoglobin and iron status indicators in young children in the area where IDA is prevalent

Summary

Introduction

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) affects 24.8% of the total population and the highest prevalence is among under-five-year-old children (47.4%) [1], in their first two years of life.Studies often reported a decline in the nutritional status during the first two years of life and this period is a critical window of opportunity for improving childhood nutrition [2].Previously, IDA has been known to be associated with dietary and/or other environmental factors such as infection. Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) affects 24.8% of the total population and the highest prevalence is among under-five-year-old children (47.4%) [1], in their first two years of life. Studies often reported a decline in the nutritional status during the first two years of life and this period is a critical window of opportunity for improving childhood nutrition [2]. IDA has been known to be associated with dietary and/or other environmental factors such as infection. Several studies have indicated a genetic contribution in the development of ID, i.e., 20–30% of variability in iron concentration is attributable to genetic factors [3]. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have revealed a number of genetic variants of human and animal genomes which influence iron concentration.

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