The Association of the Metabolic Syndrome with PAI-1 and t-PA Levels

Christopher S Coffey,Qing Li,Jason H Moore,Hans L Hillege,Folkert W Asselbergs,Wiek H Van Gilst,Patricia R Hebert

doi:10.4061/2011/541467

Abstract

Background. We used a random sample (n = 2, 495) from the population-based Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease (PREVEND) study population to examine the association of the metabolic syndrome (Met S) with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen levels. Results. The overall prevalence of the Met S was 18%, was dependent on age and gender, and was positively associated with higher antigen levels of both PAI-1 and t-PA. These significant effects were maintained after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, elevated C-reactive protein, smoking status, urinary albumin excretion, and insulin levels. We found no significant interactions between the Met S and other covariates on PAI-1 and t-PA levels. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that those with the Met S have significantly higher levels of PAI-1 and t-PA antigen, factors known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Highlights

The metabolic syndrome (Met S)—characterized by insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, and hyperglycemia—is becoming increasingly common
Limited information is available on its association with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen levels, both of which are biomarkers of fibrinolysis associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease [4,5,6]
The present study demonstrates that those with the Met S have higher levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen, factors known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

Summary

Introduction

The metabolic syndrome (Met S)—characterized by insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, and hyperglycemia—is becoming increasingly common. C-reactive protein has been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease [7, 8], and it is positively associated with both the Met S [9] and PAI-1 antigen levels [10]. We used a random sample (n = 2, 495) from the population-based Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease (PREVEND) study population to examine the association of the metabolic syndrome (Met S) with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen levels. The overall prevalence of the Met S was 18%, was dependent on age and gender, and was positively associated with higher antigen levels of both PAI-1 and t-PA These significant effects were maintained after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, elevated C-reactive protein, smoking status, urinary albumin excretion, and insulin levels. Our study demonstrates that those with the Met S have significantly higher levels of PAI-1 and t-PA antigen, factors known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease

Methods

Results

Conclusion