Abstract
BackgroundA variety of health problems, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), have been linked to sleep disorders. While numerous epidemiological studies have shown a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and poor health outcomes, the results were limited and inconsistent. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and MetS.MethodsThis population-based study was conducted on the participants aged 35–70 of Bandare-Kong Non-Communicable Diseases (BKNCD) Cohort Study, a part of Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN). MetS was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria and the Iranian-specific cut-off for waist circumference (≥ 95 cm). Sleep information was extracted through a standard questionnaire based on self-reported information. Data were analyzed by R software using generalized additive models (GAMs). A statistically significant level was considered as P < 0.05.ResultsA total of 3695 participants were included in the analyses. The mean age was 48.05 years (SD 9.36), and 2067 (55.9%) were female. The estimated Prevalence of MetS was 35.9%, and women appeared to be more likely to have MetS than men (P < 0.001). There was a non-linear and linear association between sleep duration and the risk of MetS in women and men, respectively. The lowest risk was observed among those with 7–7.5 h of sleep duration per night.ConclusionLong sleep duration was associated with increased risk of MetS and higher MetS severity score in both genders, while the short sleep duration increased the risk of Mets as well as MetS severity score just in women. The longitudinal studies would be suggested to assess the relationship between sleep quality and quantity components and MetS.
Highlights
Sleep is an essential lifestyle element that can be surveyed as a significant preventive measure, an indicator to evaluate an individual’s current health condition or a health outcome that may lead to other health complications [1]
This study evaluated the association between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS) based on a cross-sectional survey as the first phase of Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) Cohort Study conducted in Bandare-Kong, a city located in the south of Iran
Our findings indicated a linear association between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome in men
Summary
Sleep is an essential lifestyle element that can be surveyed as a significant preventive measure, an indicator to evaluate an individual’s current health condition or a health outcome that may lead to other health complications [1]. Guidelines recommend adults to follow a healthy sleep regimen, such as narrowing their daytime naptimes to 30 min, avoiding stimulants like caffeine, especially before their bedtime, avoiding heavy foods like fatty, fried, spicy foods, and citrus fruits, and assuring sufficient exposure to natural sunlight [2, 3] Both inadequate and excessive sleep have been regularly reported to be correlated with several health-related conditions like hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus [4,5,6], cardiovascular disorders, stroke, and mortality [5, 7,8,9]. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and MetS
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