The association of oral health with length of stay and mortality in the intensive care unit.

Abstract

To analyze the relationship between the oral and systemic health status of adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with the length of stay and mortality. A daily oral examination and oral hygiene were performed in patients admitted to an adult ICU. Dental and oral lesions, systemic health status, the need for mechanical ventilation, length of stay, and mortality were registered. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations between length of stay and death of patients, respectively, with oral and systemic health status. In total, 207 patients were included, 107 (51.7%) male. Ventilated patients presented an increased length of stay (p < 0.001), mortality (p < 0.0001), number of medications (p < 0.0001), edentulism (p = 0.001), mucous lesions and bleeding (p < 0.0001), oropharyngitis (p = 0.03), and drooling (p < 0.001) compared to non-ventilated patients. The number of days in the ICU was associated with mechanical ventilation (p = 0.04), nosocomial pneumonia (p = 0001), end-stage renal disease (p < 0.0007), death (p < 0.0001), mucous bleeding (p = 0.01), tongue coating (p = 0.001), and cheilitis (p = 0.01). Mortality was associated with length of stay in the ICU (p < 0.0001), number of medications (p < 0.0001), and the need for mechanical ventilation (p = 0.006). ICU patients present poor oral health. Soft tissue biofilm and mucous ulcerations were associated with the length of stay in the ICU, but not with the mortality rate. Mucous lesions are associated with an increased length of stay in the ICU, and critically ill patients should receive oral care to control oral foci of infection and mucous lesions.