Abstract
BackgroundHypertension is a highly prevalent disease and the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Metabolic syndrome could also be the risk factor for CKD. We sought to study the association between metabolic syndrome components and the prevalence of CKD in patients with hypertension.MethodsWe carried out a multi-center cross-sectional study from Apr. 2017- Apr. 2018 in 15 cities in China.ResultsA total of 2484 patients with hypertension were enrolled. Among them, 56% were male and the average age was 65.12 ± 12.71 years. The systolic BP/diastolic BP was 142 ± 18/83 ± 12 mmHg. Metabolic syndrome components turned out to be highly prevalent in patients with hypertension, ranging from 40 to 58%. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease reached 22.0%. Multi-variate logistic analysis revealed that elevated triglyceride (TG) (OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.28–2.57, p < 0.01), elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.00–2.07, p = 0.05) and hypertension grades (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.00–1.44, p = 0.05) were associated with the prevalence of CKD. In sub-group analysis, elevated TG remained strongly associated with CKD in both diabetes (OR = 2.10, 95%CI 1.22–3.61, p < 0.01) and non-diabetes (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.09–2.16, p = 0.01). In sub-group analysis of hypertension grades, there was also a graded trend between elevated TG and CKD from controlled blood pressure (BP) to hypertension grade 2 (OR = 1.81, 95%CI 1.06–3.11, p = 0.03; OR = 1.85, 95%CI 1.00–3.43, p = 0.05; OR = 2.81, 95% CI 1.09–7.28, p = 0.03, respectively).ConclusionElevated TG, elevated FBG and hypertension grades were significantly associated with the prevalence of CKD in patients with hypertension. Particularly, elevated TG was strongly associated with CKD, independent of diabetes and hypertension grades.
Highlights
As elevated TG was always independently associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), we further explored the association between elevated TG and CKD in subgroups according to hypertension grades
We found that the association between elevated TG and CKD tend to increase from blood pressure (BP) controlled (OR = 1.81, 95%CI 1.06–3.11, p = 0.03), grade 1 (OR = 1.85, 95%CI 1.00–3.43, p = 0.05) to grade 2
In this study we found that metabolic syndrome components, including elevated TG, elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hypertension grades were associated with CKD in patients with hypertension
Summary
Some data have demonstrated that metabolic syndrome was associated with either the prevalence or the incidence of CKD [3, 4], but there are still discrepancies regarding the effect of each metabolic syndrome components on the development of CKD.to our knowledge, it is still unclear how much effect the other metabolic syndrome components, besides hypertension, will have on the development of CKD. To fill this gap, we carried out a cross-sectional study to investigate whether there are independent association between metabolic syndrome components and CKD in patients with hypertension. We sought to study the association between metabolic syndrome components and the prevalence of CKD in patients with hypertension
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