Abstract
Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. While numerous reasons, including tobacco smoking, may lead to lung cancer, the purpose of this article was to explore the association between sarcoidosis, a multisystem granulomatous disorder, and lung neoplasms. A literature search was done on multiple databases with appropriate keywords, and the authors selected case reports where patients were diagnosed with sarcoidosis and lung cancer. These reports were analyzed in detail, and nine reports were included in this study. Each case was evaluated for the presenting symptoms, age, gender, and diagnostic procedures, including a follow-up analysis. After the evaluation, it can be concluded that sarcoidosis and lung cancer can occur simultaneously, despite being rare. Appropriate diagnostic procedures, including histopathological examination of the affected lymph nodes, showed either cancerous or non-cancerous cells (granulomas), thus altering the treatment on a case-by-case basis. Being aware of all possible associations between these two diseases could alter the clinical management, whether curative or palliative, and clinicians must rule out metastatic cancer in individuals with sarcoidosis-like clinical and radiographic features.
Highlights
BackgroundIn the present decade, lung cancer seems to be the number one cause of cancer-related deaths in both females and males across the globe, merely due to an insidious onset, with increased metastasis and poor prognosis [1]
This review mainly focuses on case reports, and other types of study designs were not included for the sole reason of analyzing the association of lung cancer and sarcoidosis extensively on a case-by-case basis
Sarcoidosis and lung cancer rarely coexist, physicians should thoroughly investigate the potential of lung cancer in sarcoidosis patients who do not respond to early corticosteroid treatment in addition to obtaining a biopsy to establish pathological findings from any suspected lung lesion
Summary
BackgroundIn the present decade, lung cancer seems to be the number one cause of cancer-related deaths in both females and males across the globe, merely due to an insidious onset, with increased metastasis and poor prognosis [1]. The primary cause of lung cancer is tobacco, other potential risk factors include environmental exposure to cigarette smoke, radon, occupational carcinogens, and pre-existing nonmalignant lung illness, in addition to genetic variables, which have a role in changing an individual's risk of lung cancer, according to recent studies in molecular biology [2]. Sarcoidosis is a systemic illness with an unknown cause that manifests as non-caseating granulomas in any organ, most often the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes [4]. The best treatment for sarcoidosis is unknown, corticosteroid medication has long been the standard of care for individuals with extreme symptoms and progressing pulmonary disease or substantial extrapulmonary illness. Lungs being the most commonly affected organ due to sarcoidosis and pulmonary sarcoidosis can be classified into four stages, as shown in Figure 1 below [8]
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