Abstract
Total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) is elevated in multiple allergic diseases and is considered a good predictor of atopy. Several studies have been performed on the association of IgE levels with the polymorphism of the ADAM33 gene in asthmatic patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between IgE levels and the genetic polymorphisms of the ADAM33 gene (T1, T2, T + 1, V4, S1, S2, and Q-1) in both healthy and asthmatic patients among Jordanians. The clinical data were collected for this case–control study from 267 asthmatic patients and 225 control subjects. Seven genetic polymorphisms (T1, T2, T + 1, V4, S1, S2, and Q-1) of the gene ADAM33 were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The minor alleles (G) of T1, (A) of T2, T + 1, and (G) of V4 polymorphisms were associated with a significant increase in total serum IgE levels in adults but not children. The V4 genetic polymorphism, however, showed a significant association with IgE levels in both adults and children. The S1 polymorphism was significantly associated with the codominant module only in the adults. The S2 polymorphism showed a significant association (p-value < 0.05) in both codominant and recessive models. However, in the dominant model for both pediatric control and asthmatic patients, the association between the IgE and S2 polymorphism was insignificant (p-value = 0.7271 and 0.5259, respectively). This study found a statistically significant association between multiple ADAM33 genetic polymorphisms and IgE levels. Such findings add to the growing evidence that the ADAM33 gene has a major impact on IgE levels among asthmatic patients of Jordanian origin.
Highlights
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by variable levels of airway obstruction and a significant reduction in pulmonary function [1]
All single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), as the null hypothesis for departure from HWE was rejected for all SNPs (Tables 2 and 3)
We found that ADAM33 T1, T2, and T + 1 genotypes were significantly associated with the immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels among allergic rhinitis patients (Supplementary Table S3)
Summary
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by variable levels of airway obstruction and a significant reduction in pulmonary function [1]. It differs in its etiology, severity, and pathogenicity. The exact cause and mechanism of asthma are not well understood, it has been proven that there are both genetic and environmental components to the disease [1]. The prevalence of asthma has been increasing in the past few decades. The cause of such an increase is not well understood, it is thought to be related to the “western lifestyle” [2]
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