The association of dietary factors with the age of menarche

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The relationship between dietary factors and the age of menarche (AOM) was investigated using prospective data. Dietary intake was assessed by multiple 24-hour recalls during 1 or more years immediately prior to menarche for each of 230 white, non-hispanic girls from southern California. The study population was well nourished with an average intake of calories and 13 nutrients well within the recommended dietary allowances of the National Research Council. The data show a significant association between meat and age of menarche (p<0.025) resulting in a 6 month earlier AOM among meat users compared to vegetarians. Conversely, those using meat analogues had menarche 9 months later than those who did not use meat analogues (p<0.001). The use of grains, nuts, beans and other legumes is associated (p<0.025) with 5–6 months later AOM compared to a more restricted use of these foods. The upper quartile of intake of carbohydrate, thiamine, and iron is associated with a 7–8 month later AOM than those in the lowest quartile of intake of these nutrients. Total intake of protein or fat was not associated with AOM. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that diet affects the AOM. The present prospective data from well nourished girls support previous retrospective studies which associate meat use with earlier AOM. These data point to a vegetarian dietary lifestyle as an important factor in retarding the onset of menarche among well nourished girls.