Abstract
In two patients with chronic hepatitis B and myopathy, muscle biopsy showed necrosis and scarce inflammatory infiltrates. CD8+ cells surrounded some non-necrotic fibers. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and antigens were found inside intact muscle fibers. Major histocompatibility complex class I antigens were coexpressed with viral antigens. In one patient, symptoms improved during antiviral therapy. HBV can infect muscle fibers and an immune-mediated response to viral antigens may cause muscle injury.
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