The Association of 25(OH)D with Blood Pressure, Pulse Pressure and Carotid-Radial Pulse Wave Velocity in African Women

Iolanthé M Kruger ,Nicolaas T Malan,Marlena C Kruger,Colleen M Doak,Johannes M Van Rooyen,Hugo W Huisman,Aletta E Schutte,Annamarie Kruger,Leoné Malan,Rudolph Schutte,C.m.t Fourie

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054554

Iolanthé M Kruger , Nicolaas T Malan + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054554

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Journal: PLoS ONE	Publication Date: Jan 23, 2013
Citations: 43	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: North-West University, Massey University

Abstract

High susceptibility of the African population to develop cardiovascular disease obliges us to investigate possible contributing risk factors. Our aim was to determine whether low 25(OH)D status is associated with increased blood pressure and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity in black South African women. We studied 291 urban women (mean age: 57.56±9.00 yrs.). 25(OH)D status was determined by serum 25(OH)D levels. Women were stratified into sufficient (>30 ng/ml), and insufficient/deficient (<30 ng/ml) groups. Cardiovascular variables were compared between groups. Women with low 25(OH)D levels had significantly higher SBP (150.8±27.1 vs. 137.6±21.0), DBP (94.7±14.5 vs. 89.3±12.3) and PP (53.15(50.7;55.7) vs. 46.3(29.4;84.6)) compared to women with sufficient levels. No significant difference was observed with regards to c-rPWV. ANCOVA analyses still revealed significant differences between the two groups with regards to SBP, DBP as well as PP. Partial correlations revealed significant inverse association between SBP and 25(OH)D (p = .04;r = −.12). Women with low 25(OH)D levels were ∼2 times more likely to have high SBP (95% CI: 3.23;1.05). To conclude, women with deficient/insufficient 25(OH)D had significantly higher SBP compared to women with a sufficient 25(OH) status.

Highlights

For years 25(OH)D was associated primarily with bone mineralization and calcium homeostasis
The African population is regarded as a high risk group for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially hypertension and severe target-organ damage [3]
Our aim was to determine if a low 25(OH)D status is associated with increased blood pressure as well as increased arterial stiffness in black South African women

Summary

Introduction

For years 25(OH)D was associated primarily with bone mineralization and calcium homeostasis. Several studies have shown associations between low 25(OH)D levels and CVD [1,2], through increased arterial stiffness [2,4]. Most of these studies included only African-Americans or Caucasians and data regarding Africans from South Africa is scarce. This is an important gap in knowledge to address due to the high susceptibility of Africans for the development of hypertension

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