The association between waist-to-height ratio and cognitive function in older adults

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is a simple, practical, and effective tool used to assess central obesity. Despite its usefulness, few studies have investigated the association between WHtR and cognitive function among older adults in the United States. This study aims to investigate the associations between WHtR and cognitive function. Methods The study sample comprised adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2014. WHtR was calculated from measured waist circumference and height. Cognitive function was assessed using the digit symbol substitution test. A weighted multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between WHtR and cognitive function, with smooth curve fitting applied to detect non-linearities. Results Our analysis included 1709 participants over the age of 65. After adjusting for potential confounders, WHtR was found to have a negative association with cognitive function (β = −36.91, 95% CI: −54.54 to −19.29, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyzes stratified by sex and race showed that the negative correlation of WHtR with cognitive function remained in both men and women, as well as in non-Hispanic white and other races. Among women, the association between WHtR and cognitive function followed an inverted U-shaped curve, with an inflection point of 0.68. Conclusion This study provides evidence of a negative association between WHtR and cognitive function in older adults. These findings suggest that in advanced age, central obesity may have negative implications for cognitive function.