Abstract
BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a global health problem. Bisphenol A (BPA), one of most widely used environmental chemicals, is suspected to be a contributor to the development NAFLD. This study was performed to examine the relationship between human BPA levels and risk of NAFLD.MethodsThe data (n = 3476 adults: 1474 men and 2002 women) used in this study were obtained from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey III (2015-2017). BPA levels were measured in urine samples. NAFLD was defined using hepatic steatosis index after exclusion of other causes of hepatic diseases.ResultsThere was a significant linear relationship between the elevated urinary BPA concentrations and risk of NAFLD. In a univariate analysis, odds ratio (OR) of the highest quartile of urinary BPA level was 1.47 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.94] compared to the lowest quartile. After adjusted with covariates, the ORs for NAFLD in the third and fourth quartiles were 1.31 [95% CI 1.03-1.67] and 1.32 [95% CI 1.03–1.70], respectively.ConclusionsUrinary BPA levels are positively associated with the risk of NAFLD in adults. Further experimental studies are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms of BPA on NAFLD prevalence.
Highlights
Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) characterized by a fat accumulation of more than 5% in the liver without excessive alcohol use, viral hepatitis, and other liver diseases [1]
Epidemiological studies suggested the association between internal Bisphenol A (BPA) levels and the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia [15,16,17]
Respondents were divided into two categories, non-Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NAFLD, based on the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) (Table 1)
Summary
Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) characterized by a fat accumulation of more than 5% in the liver without excessive alcohol use, viral hepatitis, and other liver diseases [1] Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most widely used chemicals, consisted of two phenol rings attached by a methyl bridge, with two methyl groups [9]. It is utilized in the production of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resin that are widely used in various applications including food packaging, beverage bottle, baby bottle, and paint [9, 10]. NAFLD was defined using hepatic steatosis index after exclusion of other causes of hepatic diseases
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