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Abstract
Based on activity theory, this paper employed data from the 2013, 2015, and 2018 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, and adopted Hierarchical Linear Modeling and longitudinal mediation analysis to explore the temporal variation characteristics of loneliness and the influence of social participation on loneliness in Chinese Older Adults, as well as the mechanism of them. The study found that loneliness among older adults overall was at a moderate level from 2013 to 2018 and increased over time, which may be related to decreasing social participation from year to year. Decreased social participation was associated with increased loneliness over time (β = −0.060, p < 0.001) and lower social support (β = 0.109, p < 0.001), which was associated with more loneliness (β = −0.098, p < 0.001). In addition, social support played a significant mediating role in the realization of social participation in alleviating loneliness. Social participation can not only directly reduce loneliness, but also reduce loneliness by increasing social support.
Highlights
Intervention studies have showed that by encouraging older adults to take an active part in social activities, they gain more peer support and social support; we suggest that social support may be a potential mediator of the association between social participation and loneliness
Given the relatively higher and continuously increasing prevalence of Chinese older adults’ loneliness and the lack of studies on the mediating role of social support, the current study aims to fill this gap by examining how social participation in the Chinese social context may influence the loneliness trajectories of older people over time
Combining Model 5 with Model 7, we found that social participation still had a significant impact on loneliness after adding social support, but the regression coefficient reduced from −0.059 to −0.049, indicating that social support played a mediating role in the relationship between social participation and loneliness
Summary
In order to overcome the above shortcomings of previous empirical studies, this study uses a statistical approach that enables the pattern of psychological variables and behavior to be tracked over time to investigate the temporal trajectory of loneliness, the influence of social participation and its mechanism through a longitudinal study design. This paper aims to propose answers to the following three issues:
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