Abstract
BackgroundCigarette smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the association between smoking and blood pressure is unclear. Thus, the current study examined the association between cigarette smoking and blood pressure in men.MethodsSystolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were examined using digital blood pressure measuring device, and smoking status was determined with China National Health Survey.ResultsThe ANCOVA showed that the adjusted DBP and MAP were lower in current smokers versus nonsmokers and the adjusted SBP was lower in current smokers versus former smokers (P < 0.05). Additionally, the adjusted PP tend to be decreased steadily as the pack·years increased in current smokers. In a fully adjusted logistic regression model, former smokers had increased ORs (95% CI) of 1.48 (1.01, 2.18) of hypertension and current smokers had not increased ORs (95% CI) of 0.83 (0.61, 1.12), compared with never smokers.ConclusionsThe findings revealed that the adjusted blood pressure were lower in current smokers versus nonsmokers and former smokers. No significant dose-dependent effect of current smoking on blood pressure indices except PP was observed. Smoking cessation was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension. However, current smoking was not a risk factor of hypertension.
Highlights
Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the association between smoking and blood pressure is unclear
When we study the association between smoking status and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP), 226 self-reported use of pharmacological medication for the hypertension that might affect blood pressure were excluded from the study
After adjustment for age, Body mass index (BMI), alcohol drinking and ethnicity, ANCOVA comparisons showed no significant differences in blood pressure indices, except DBP and MAP(P < 0.05), in current smokers versus nonsmokers
Summary
Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the association between smoking and blood pressure is unclear. The current study examined the association between cigarette smoking and blood pressure in men. Hypertension was the leading risk factor for global disease burden and accounting for. 9.4 million deaths in 2010 [3]. It contributes to the burden of stroke, heart disease and kidney failure. It is responsible for at least 51% of deaths due to stroke and 45% of deaths due to heart disease [4]
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