The Association Between Sleep Disorders and Incidence of Dry Eye Disease in Ningbo: Data From an Integrated Health Care Network.

Qinxiang Zheng,Peng Shen,Yexiang Sun,Kemi Feng,Hongfei Weng,Feng Wen,Hongbo Lin,Jie Bao,Wei Chen,Saiqing Li,Zhong Lin

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.832851

Abstract

PurposeTo investigate the association between sleep disorders and dry eye disease (DED) in Ningbo, China.MethodsOur data came from the Yinzhou Health Information System (HIS), including 257932 patients and was based on a 1:1 matching method (sleep disorder patients vs. patients without sleep disorders) during 2013–2020. Sleep disorders and DED were identified using ICD-10 codes. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify the association between sleep disorders and DED.ResultsThe eight-year incidence of DED was significantly higher in participants with diagnosis of sleep disorders (sleep disorders: 50.66%, no sleep disorders: 16.48%, P < 0.01). Sleep disorders were positively associated with the diagnosis of DED (HR: 3.06, 95% CI: 2.99–3.13, P < 0.01), when sex, age, hypertension, diabetes and other systemic diseases were adjusted. In the sleep disorders patients, advancing age, female sex, and presence of coexisting disease (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, thyroid disease, depression, heart disease, and arthritis) were significantly associated with the development of DED by the multivariate cox regression analysis (all P < 0.05).In addition, there was a significantly positive association between estazolam and the incidence of DED in both sleep disorder and non-sleep disorder groups (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsSleep disrder was associated with a three-time increased risk of DED. This association can be helpful in effective management of both sleep disorders and DED.

Highlights

Sleep disorder, defined as an abnormality in sleep quality or quantity, has become a major social health concern throughout the world [1,2,3]
We studied the using condition of sleep medicine in patients with sleep disorders, excluding the drugs mentioned in the guide but not found in the Yinzhou Health Information System (YHIS)
We found that sleep disorder is a risk factor of Dry EyeDry eye disease (DED), with a three-time increased risk to the subjects without sleep disorders

Summary

Introduction

Sleep disorder, defined as an abnormality in sleep quality or quantity, has become a major social health concern throughout the world [1,2,3]. Sleep quality and duration of sleep are important for physical and mental health, and sleep dysfunction damages autonomic nerve and endocrine function, leading to extensive changes in many aspects of the body system [3]. The Association Between Sleep Disorders and Dry Eye. Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by a loss of tear film homeostasis, causing tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, as well as ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities play etiological roles [10]. DED causes a variety of ocular surface discomfort (such as pain, foreign body sensation, irritation, and photophobia) and visual dysfunction, which impedes daily activities, and exerts psychological impacts [12,13,14]

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Conclusion