Abstract
BackgroundThe objective was to determine whether OSA patients have a low serum vitamin D level by systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThis study searched the following electronic bibliographic databases: Embase, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, VIP, Wanfang, CNKI and SinoMed. All data were searched between January 2000 and August 2020. The quality of the included studies was estimated by two researchers according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. All qualified studies and statistical analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.2.ResultsTwenty-nine eligible studies compromising 6717 participants met the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis. The results revealed that the serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in OSA patients than the controls. According to the severity of the disease, subgroup analysis was performed; the results demonstrated that the serum 25(OH)D level was not decreased in mild OSA patients compared with the controls, while the serum 25(OH)D level in moderate and severe OSA patients was lower than that in the controls. Furthermore, based on ethnicity, BMI, PSG type, study quality and latitude, the subjects were divided into different subgroups for meta-analysis. The results revealed that the serum 25(OH)D level in all OSA subgroups was decreased compared with that in the control group.ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis shows that the serum vitamin D level was different between OSA patients and healthy people. OSA patients could have a low serum vitamin D level.
Highlights
The objective was to determine whether Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients have a low serum vitamin D level by systematic review and meta-analysis
Nineteen studies provided data on the serum 25(OH)D level in OSA patients diagnosed by type I PSG, and the results revealed that the serum 25(OH)D level was lower in these OSA patients than in the controls (SMD = − 0.55; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = − 0.85, − 0.26; P = 0.0002; I2 = 93%) (Table 2)
Three studies provided data on the serum 25(OH)D level in OSA patients diagnosed by type III PSG, and the results revealed that the serum 25(OH)D level was lower in these OSA patients than in the controls (SMD = − 1.93;95% CI = − 2.28, − 1.58; P < 0.00001; I2 = 21%) (Table 2)
Summary
The objective was to determine whether OSA patients have a low serum vitamin D level by systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) refers to a sleep-related disorder characterized by repetitive, incomplete or total obstruction of the upper respiratory tract combined with hypopnea and apnea during sleep, contributing to an intermittent decrease in the partial pressure of blood oxygen and blood oxygen saturation and hypercapnia [1]. It is usually correlated with sleepiness, fatigue, inattention, Li et al Respir Res (2020) 21:294. While changes in the serum vitamin D level in patients with OSA may be relevant to inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, neuroendocrine regulation and so on, its specific pathogenesis is poorly understood
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