The association between psychiatric diseases, psychotropic drugs and the risk of incident rosacea

Abstract

Psychological conditions, such as traumatic events or stress, have been discussed controversially as aetiological factors for rosacea. To assess the association between diagnosed depression, other affective disorders or schizophrenia and subsequent incident rosacea. We further aimed at evaluating the possible role of various psychotropic drugs within this association. We conducted a matched case-control study of psychiatric diseases and incident rosacea, stratified by exposure to various psychotropic drugs, using the UK-based General Practice Research Database. Cases had a first diagnosis of rosacea recorded between 1995 and 2009. Each case was matched to one control on age, sex, general practice and years of history on the database. A history of depression or other affective disorders was not associated with an increased risk of developing rosacea; lithium was the only antidepressant drug that significantly altered this association. Current long-term use of lithium was associated with a decreased odds ratio (OR) of 0·58 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·38-0·88] among people without a schizophrenia diagnosis (with or without affective disorders), compared with people not exposed to lithium. Patients with diagnosed schizophrenia revealed a decreased rosacea risk (OR 0·71, 95% CI 0·60-0·91), independent of antipsychotic drug use. Depression or other affective disorders were not associated with incident rosacea, whereas patients with schizophrenia were at a decreased risk of this skin disease in our study population. The materially decreased risk of rosacea among people with chronic lithium exposure may lead to new insights into the pathomechanism of rosacea.