The association between phthalate exposure and pubertal development.

Abstract

Our results suggest that phthalate exposure, especially exposure to the HMWP, may have inverse association with male pubertal development. Further investigation is required to verify the relationship of phthalate exposure and pubertal development in girls. • Exposure to phthalates may have antiandrogenic effects. • Studies on the association between phthalates and pubertal development have yielded inconsistent results. • Phthalate levels were inversely associated with self-reported pubertal stages in boys. • Exposure to phthalates might have a negative influence on male pubertal development.