Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is caused by intermittent episodes of partial or complete closure of the upper airway, leading to apneic episodes while the patient is asleep. Atrial fibrillation (AF) leads to more than 750,000 hospitalizations per year and accounts for an estimated 130,000 deaths each year. The death rate from AF as the primary or a contributing cause of death has been rising for more than two decades. The material reviewed in this paper focuses on the association between OSA and arrhythmias. It goes into the details of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and types of arrhythmias and the therapies seen in association with OSA.
Highlights
BackgroundSleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a cumulative term for sleep-related breathing disorders and abnormalities of respiration during sleep
The results showed that the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in those patients reduced the frequency of VPB by 58% during sleep
The material reviewed in this paper focuses on the association between OSA and arrhythmias
Summary
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a cumulative term for sleep-related breathing disorders and abnormalities of respiration during sleep. OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; AF: atrial fibrillation, HF: heart failure; SAS: sleep apnea syndrome; SCD: sudden cardiac death; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; AHI: apnea-hypopnea index. AF occurs when disordered atrial electric activity causes an abnormal electrical rhythm that replaces the normal sinus mechanism [29] It can be caused by hypertension, myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, caffeine use, and abnormal heart valves and is seen in sleep apnea patients. There are no conclusive epidemiologic or longitudinal intervention studies that relate to the prevalence, severity, and consequences of cardiac arrhythmias and the effects of OSA treatment [1]. Based on the studies (see Table 2), CPAP therapy had an effect on reducing the incidence and prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in OSA patients. AHI: apnea-hypopnea index; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; VPB: ventricular premature beats
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