Abstract
Consumption of dairy products in the usual diet may be important for improving the overall quality of dietary intake. This study aimed to assess the difference in nutrient intake adequacy according to the intake of dairy products based on a 1-day weighed dietary record of Japanese adults from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutritional adequacy was determined based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2015, with 2 goals: Tentative dietary goals (DG) for preventing lifestyle-related diseases, and the estimated average requirement (EAR). According to the dairy products consumption, participants were categorized into three groups (milk, other dairy product, or non-dairy), and the total number of those not meeting DG and EAR was compared. Non-dairy consumers were less likely to meet both DG and EAR compared to dairy consumers. Dairy consumers were more likely to exceed the DG for saturated fat than non-dairy consumers. Japanese adult dairy consumers were more likely to have adequate nutritional intake than non-dairy consumers, especially for calcium. We also observed a higher saturated fat intake in dairy consumers, which might be due to a certain dietary pattern in this group. Further investigation is needed to determine dairy intake and its influence on dietary quality among the Japanese population.
Highlights
IntroductionDairy products, such as milk, cheese, and yoghurt provide an abundant source of nutrients, including protein, vitamins, and minerals, and their nutritional value has been well recognised [1,2,3].Their beneficial roles have been examined in association with a variety of chronic diseases, including hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as in maintaining bone health [3,4,5,6,7,8,9].Several studies have shown that the intake of dairy products may improve nutrient intake [10,11,12,13,14,15,16].For example, in a study of Australian children, drinking milk was related to higher intake of micronutrients [10]
In an Irish study, it has been suggested that dairy products contribute to the intake of micronutrients such as calcium and retinol [14], while another study has reported that yogurt intake was associated with better diet quality in American adults [15]
In an Irish study, the mean dairy product intake in dairy consumers was reported as 291 g [14], and the average liquid milk intake in the US was reported to be around 180 mL (186 g, using 103.2 g/100 mL for conversion factor [32]) [33], while in Japan the reported amount is about
Summary
Dairy products, such as milk, cheese, and yoghurt provide an abundant source of nutrients, including protein, vitamins, and minerals, and their nutritional value has been well recognised [1,2,3].Their beneficial roles have been examined in association with a variety of chronic diseases, including hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as in maintaining bone health [3,4,5,6,7,8,9].Several studies have shown that the intake of dairy products may improve nutrient intake [10,11,12,13,14,15,16].For example, in a study of Australian children, drinking milk was related to higher intake of micronutrients [10]. Dairy products, such as milk, cheese, and yoghurt provide an abundant source of nutrients, including protein, vitamins, and minerals, and their nutritional value has been well recognised [1,2,3]. Their beneficial roles have been examined in association with a variety of chronic diseases, including hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as in maintaining bone health [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. In an Irish study, it has been suggested that dairy products contribute to the intake of micronutrients such as calcium and retinol [14], while another study has reported that yogurt intake was associated with better diet quality in American adults [15]
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