The association between maternal thrombophilia and intrauterine growth restriction

Abstract

ObjectiveMaternal thrombophilia has recently been found to be associated with pregnancy complications; however, the association with fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is debatable. This case-control study investigates the link between IUGR and maternal thrombophilia.Study designThe study group comprised 80 women who delivered small-for-gestational-age infants (birth weight <10th percentile). 80 women who had uncomplicated pregnancies with normal birth weight infants, matched for ethnicity and smoking status, served as controls. All participants underwent workup for genetic and acquired thrombophilias a few months after delivery (mutations of factor V Leiden; prothrombin gene; methyltetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR]; deficiencies of protein S, C, and antithrombin III; and anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant.)Placental pathology examination reports were reviewed where available.ResultsThe prevalence of thrombophilia was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group 46.3% vs 18.8%, respectively (P<0.01). Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations were significantly more prevalent in the study group (15% vs 5%, P<0.01 and 7.5% vs 2.5%, P<0.01, respectively). The MTHFR C677T mutation has a similar prevalence in both study and control groups. Placental abnormal findings such as infarcts and fibrinoid changes were more prevalent when IUGR was associated with thrombophilia.ConclusionThe prevalence of maternal thrombophilia is significantly higher among women with small-for-gestational-age neonates. The incidence of placental abnormal findings is higher among women with IUGR and thrombophilia. ObjectiveMaternal thrombophilia has recently been found to be associated with pregnancy complications; however, the association with fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is debatable. This case-control study investigates the link between IUGR and maternal thrombophilia. Maternal thrombophilia has recently been found to be associated with pregnancy complications; however, the association with fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is debatable. This case-control study investigates the link between IUGR and maternal thrombophilia. Study designThe study group comprised 80 women who delivered small-for-gestational-age infants (birth weight <10th percentile). 80 women who had uncomplicated pregnancies with normal birth weight infants, matched for ethnicity and smoking status, served as controls. All participants underwent workup for genetic and acquired thrombophilias a few months after delivery (mutations of factor V Leiden; prothrombin gene; methyltetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR]; deficiencies of protein S, C, and antithrombin III; and anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant.)Placental pathology examination reports were reviewed where available. The study group comprised 80 women who delivered small-for-gestational-age infants (birth weight <10th percentile). 80 women who had uncomplicated pregnancies with normal birth weight infants, matched for ethnicity and smoking status, served as controls. All participants underwent workup for genetic and acquired thrombophilias a few months after delivery (mutations of factor V Leiden; prothrombin gene; methyltetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR]; deficiencies of protein S, C, and antithrombin III; and anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant.) Placental pathology examination reports were reviewed where available. ResultsThe prevalence of thrombophilia was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group 46.3% vs 18.8%, respectively (P<0.01). Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations were significantly more prevalent in the study group (15% vs 5%, P<0.01 and 7.5% vs 2.5%, P<0.01, respectively). The MTHFR C677T mutation has a similar prevalence in both study and control groups. Placental abnormal findings such as infarcts and fibrinoid changes were more prevalent when IUGR was associated with thrombophilia. The prevalence of thrombophilia was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group 46.3% vs 18.8%, respectively (P<0.01). Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutations were significantly more prevalent in the study group (15% vs 5%, P<0.01 and 7.5% vs 2.5%, P<0.01, respectively). The MTHFR C677T mutation has a similar prevalence in both study and control groups. Placental abnormal findings such as infarcts and fibrinoid changes were more prevalent when IUGR was associated with thrombophilia. ConclusionThe prevalence of maternal thrombophilia is significantly higher among women with small-for-gestational-age neonates. The incidence of placental abnormal findings is higher among women with IUGR and thrombophilia. The prevalence of maternal thrombophilia is significantly higher among women with small-for-gestational-age neonates. The incidence of placental abnormal findings is higher among women with IUGR and thrombophilia.