The Association between Maternal Mortality and Non-Medical factors in African Countries

P Lalthapersad-Pillay

doi:10.22610/jebs.v6i5.498

Abstract

The medical expertise to treat to complications arising from pregnancy and childbirth has not spared girls and women in developing countries from dying of such conditions. Developing countries account for the bulk of the global share of maternal deaths with complications of pregnancy and childbirth being the leading cause of death in young women aged between 15 and 49. Sub-Saharan Africa is responsible for nearly three-fifths of all global maternal deaths which have saddled it with notoriously high levels of maternal mortality ratios, a concern that has been red-flagged internationally and regionally. Most studies on maternal mortality in Africa have been confined to an examination of factors impinging on maternal mortality from both medical and socioeconomic standpoints for individual countryâ€™s based on survey data. Our study differs from others as it employs logistic regression to look at the association between non-medical factors and maternal mortality nationally for all African countries. Whilst the results from the logistic regression suggests that there is no statistically significant relationship between any of the variables and maternal mortality, the odds ratio for Human Development Index (HDI) and Gross National Income per capita (GNI) imply that African countries with low HDI are about three time more likely to have high maternal mortality compared to high HDI countries. Similarly, African countries with low GNI are about five times more likely to have high maternal mortality compared to high GNI countries.

Highlights

Introduction and backgroundEstimates attest that every minute and a half, a woman dies from complications related to pregnancy and childbirth and that the risk factor is higher among poor women, those who are rurally-based and adolescents (WHO, 2013)
A worrisome fact is that 99% of the more than half a million maternal deaths every year occur in developing countries and complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death in young women aged between 15 and 49
We examine the association between maternal morality and the Human Development Index (HDI), Gross National Income per capita (GNI), secondary school enrolment ratio, contraceptive prevalence, average age at first marriage as given by the singulate mean age at marriage (SMAM) and the Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Summary

Introduction

Introduction and backgroundEstimates attest that every minute and a half, a woman dies from complications related to pregnancy and childbirth and that the risk factor is higher among poor women, those who are rurally-based and adolescents (WHO, 2013). A worrisome fact is that 99% of the more than half a million maternal deaths every year occur in developing countries and complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death in young women aged between 15 and 49. Even though most African countries have managed to reduce their maternal mortality ratios since 1990, with a small exception of increases in some countries, they have remained unacceptably high, surpassing both the global level of 260 and that for developing countries of 290. It runs the risk of reversing gains made in the fields of public health in these countries (WHO, 2009). We examine the association between maternal morality and the Human Development Index (HDI), Gross National Income per capita (GNI), secondary school enrolment ratio, contraceptive prevalence, average age at first marriage as given by the singulate mean age at marriage (SMAM) and the Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Objectives

Methods

Results