Abstract
BackgroundMicronutrients are necessary for fetal growth. However increasingly pregnant women are nutritionally replete and little is known about the effect of maternal micronutrient intakes on fetal adiposity in mothers with increased BMI. The aim of this study was to examine the association of maternal dietary micronutrient intake with neonatal size and adiposity in a cohort at risk of macrosomia.MethodsThis was a cohort analysis of 554 infants from the ROLO study. Three day food diaries from each trimester were collected. Neonatal weight, length, circumferences and skinfold thicknesses were measured at birth. Multiple linear regression was used to identify associations between micronutrient intakes and neonatal anthropometry.ResultsBirthweight was negatively associated with maternal trimester 3 vitamin D intake and positively associated with trimester 3 vitamin B12 intake R2adj 19.8 % (F = 13.19, p <0.001). Birth length was positively associated with trimester 3 magnesium intake R2adj 12.9 % (F = 8.06, p <0.001). In terms of neonatal central adiposity; abdominal circumference was positively associated with maternal trimester 3 retinol intake and negatively associated with trimester 3 vitamin E and selenium intake R2adj 11.9 % (F = 2.93, p = 0.002), waist:length ratio was negatively associated with trimester 3 magnesium intake R2adj 20.1 % (F = 3.92, p <0.001) and subscapular:triceps skinfold ratio was negatively associated with trimester 1 selenium intake R2adj7.2 % (F = 2.00, p = 0.047).ConclusionsMaternal micronutrient intake was associated with neonatal anthropometry even in women not at risk of malnutrition. Further research is necessary to determine optimal micronutrient intake in overweight and obese pregnant women.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN54392969.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0095-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Micronutrients are necessary for normal growth and development of the fetus and deficiencies have been found to be associated with intrauterine growth retardation and small for gestational age (SGA) infants [1, 2]
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of maternal dietary micronutrient intake in pregnancy on neonatal weight, length and adiposity using a cohort at risk of macrosomia from the ROLO (Randomised cOntrol trial of LOw glycaemic index diet versus no dietary intervention to prevent recurrence of fetal macrosomia) study [15]
Participants were significantly older and had a lower early pregnancy weight and BMI than those lost to follow up but there was no difference in gestational weight gain or neonatal anthropometry between the groups
Summary
Micronutrients are necessary for normal growth and development of the fetus and deficiencies have been found to be associated with intrauterine growth retardation and small for gestational age (SGA) infants [1, 2]. Supplementation with single [3] or multiple [4] micronutrients has been found to increase birthweight and reduce risk of SGA. The increased availability of glucose and lipids results in increased fetal growth and fat deposition [6]. Increasingly pregnant women are nutritionally replete and little is known about the effect of maternal micronutrient intakes on fetal adiposity in mothers with increased BMI. The aim of this study was to examine the association of maternal dietary micronutrient intake with neonatal size and adiposity in a cohort at risk of macrosomia
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