The association between locus of control and general mental health in patients with lumbar spinal cord injury: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are major sources of socioeconomic burdens and are still rising globally. SCIs also cause several personal sufferings in both physical and psychological aspects. Individuals’ reactions following a traumatic incident can vary based on the severity and nature of the damage, as well as their psychological dispositions. Locus of control (an individual’s belief in his/her ability to control the outcome of events surrounding them) is an important factor in determining individuals’ quality of life (QoL) in the aftermath of an incident. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between locus of control and general health in patients with lumbar SCI. This study was carried out on 108 patients with lumbar SCI using the Rotter's Locus of Control Scale and the General Health questionnaires, as well as demographic data. Results Patients with an internal locus of control had a significantly better general health score than those with an external locus of control (32 vs. 38.5; P < 0.0001). There was a moderate positive correlation between general health and locus of control score (R = 0.575; P < 0.0001). Also, employed patients had a significantly more internal locus of control score compared to unemployed patients (7 vs. 8; P = 0.004). Conclusion Scores of locus of control and general health are significantly correlated, and internal locus of control could lead to better general mental health in patients with lumbar SCI. Although there is a need for more studies with better study designs to approve of this association, the results of this study emphasize the importance of interventions targeting locus of control, improving socio-economic conditions, and rehabilitation measures in improving the general health of these patients.