Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate how leucine are associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and the gender difference of this association.MethodsWe retrieved 1,031 consecutive patients with T2D who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria from the same tertiary care center and extracted clinical information from electronic medical record. Plasma leucine was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was conducted to examine potential non-linear relationship between leucine and the risk of DN. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). Additive interaction was used to estimate the interaction effect between leucine and gender for DN.ResultsWe found there was a negative correlation between leucine and the risk of DN. After stratifying all patients by gender, this relationship only remained significant in women (OR:0.57, CI:0.41–0.79).ConclusionsIn conclusion, T2D patients with high levels of leucine have a lower risk of developing DN in female.
Highlights
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the common complications of diabetes, greatly increases mortality and medical expenses in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients [1, 2]
Only a limited number of studies have reported the relationship between leucine and diabetic nephropathy (DN), and more research focused on the relationship between leucine and diabetes or insulin resistance
The cross-sectional metabonomic studies was found that patients with DN or albuminuria have lower plasma leucine levels than those only with diabetes [31, 32]
Summary
This study aimed to evaluate how leucine are associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and the gender difference of this association. Methods: We retrieved 1,031 consecutive patients with T2D who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria from the same tertiary care center and extracted clinical information from electronic medical record. Plasma leucine was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was conducted to examine potential nonlinear relationship between leucine and the risk of DN. Additive interaction was used to estimate the interaction effect between leucine and gender for DN. Results: We found there was a negative correlation between leucine and the risk of DN. After stratifying all patients by gender, this relationship only remained significant in women (OR:0.57, CI:0.41–0.79). Conclusions: In conclusion, T2D patients with high levels of leucine have a lower risk of developing DN in female
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