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Abstract
Background: Some meta-analyses have demonstrated the association between emotional intelligence (EI) and different health indicators. With the increase of suicide cases in the world, more and more professionals have been interested in the link between both variables.Aim: To study all the available evidence on the association between EI and suicidal behavior.Method: We systematically reviewed all available literature (in English or Spanish) on the relationship between both variables through the main databases.Results: Twenty-five articles were included. EI and suicidal behavior correlated inversely in almost all the articles that the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), The Emotional Intelligence Test (EIT), The Spanish Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), and The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS/SSEIT), Barchard's Emotional Intelligence Scale, were used, that is, the higher suicidal behavior level the lower the EI score. The same results were found in two out of four investigations that used the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) between clarity (emotional understanding) and emotional repair (emotional regulation) and suicidal behavior. Two out of three studies that used the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) found that only the Strategic component of EI (emotional understanding and regulation) was a protective factor.Conclusions: The results appear to indicate that a high level of EI plays an important role in protecting against suicidal behavior, and should thus be integrated into suicide prevention programs.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 804,000 people died from suicide in 2012 (11.4 per 100,000 people), with these numbers being higher in men than women
In order to present the data in a more appropriate way, we divided the studies by age, and grouped the results according to the instrument applied in each case
Studies With Children (Under 12 Years Old) The study by Bodzy et al (2016) compared a sample of hospitalized children in psychiatric settings, dividing them between those with suicidal ideation and those who had a non-fatal suicide attempt according to their hospital reports and the Child-Adolescent Suicidal Potential Index (CASPI) questionnaire, whilst their emotional intelligence (EI) levels were compared by using the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): YV-S
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 804,000 people died from suicide in 2012 (11.4 per 100,000 people), with these numbers being higher in men than women. Over the past 45 years, the suicide rate has risen by 60% and has been established as the second cause of death among the 15–29 year age category, with 50 non-fatal suicide attempts for each suicide. Risk factors linked to interpersonal relationships and the community include war and disaster, discrimination, abuse, Emotional Intelligence and Suicidal Behavior violence and conflicts, perception of isolation, and stresses of acculturation (displaced people or indigenous persons), whilst risks at the individual level include chronic pain, mental disorders, poor financial situation, family history of suicide, previous non-fatal suicide attempts, and the harmful abuse of alcohol. Arsenault-Lapierre et al (2004) carried out a meta-analysis on the psychiatric diagnosis in 3,275 suicides, in which the results revealed that 87.3% of people who committed suicide had been diagnosed with a mental disorder. With the increase of suicide cases in the world, more and more professionals have been interested in the link between both variables
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